What Monomers Make Up Glycogen
Glycogen
- Folio ID
- 395
Polysaccharides are carbohydrate polymers consisting of tens to hundreds to several thousand monosaccharide units. All of the mutual polysaccharides incorporate glucose every bit the monosaccharide unit. Polysaccharides are synthesized by plants, animals, and humans to exist stored for food, structural support, or metabolized for energy.
Introduction
Glycogen is the storage form of glucose in animals and humans which is analogous to the starch in plants. Glycogen is synthesized and stored mainly in the liver and the muscles. Structurally, glycogen is very similar to amylopectin with alpha acetal linkages, nonetheless, it has fifty-fifty more branching and more than glucose units are present than in amylopectin. Various samples of glycogen take been measured at 1,700-600,000 units of glucose.
The construction of glycogen consists of long polymer chains of glucose units continued by an alpha acetal linkage. The graphic on the left shows a very small portion of a glycogen chain. All of the monomer units are blastoff-D-glucose, and all the alpha acetal links connect C # one of ane glucose to C # 4 of the side by side glucose.
The branches are formed by linking C #1 to a C #half dozen through an acetal linkages. In glycogen, the branches occur at intervals of 8-10 glucose units, while in amylopectin the branches are separated past 12-20 glucose units.
Acetal Functional Group
Carbon # 1 is called the anomeric carbon and is the center of an acetal functional group. A carbon that has two ether oxygens attached is an acetal. The Alpha position is defined as the ether oxygen beingness on the opposite side of the band as the C # 6. In the chair structure this results in a downward project. This is the same definition as the -OH in a hemiacetal.
Starch vs. Glycogen
Plants brand starch and cellulose through the photosynthesis processes. Animals and human in plough swallow plant materials and products. Digestion is a process of hydrolysis where the starch is broken ultimately into the diverse monosaccharides. A major product is of course glucose which can exist used immediately for metabolism to make free energy. The glucose that is not used immediately is converted in the liver and muscles into glycogen for storage by the process of glycogenesis. Any glucose in backlog of the needs for energy and storage as glycogen is converted to fat.
Contributors
- Charles Ophardt, Professor Emeritus, Elmhurst College; Virtual Chembook
What Monomers Make Up Glycogen,
Source: https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biological_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_%28Biological_Chemistry%29/Carbohydrates/Polysaccharides/Glycogen
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